Asian Journal of Medical Research and Case Reports

Immune infertility is a significant cause of infertility in humans, associated with the production of antisperm antibodies detectable in body fluids. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IgA, IgG, and IgM immunoglobulin classes of antisperm antibodies in males and females, as well as the relationship between these antibodies and sex variation in their incidence, in Edo State, Nigeria. The study population consisted of 96 participants who tested positive for antisperm antibodies using the Slide Latex Agglutination Test, comprising 28 males and 68 females. The immunoglobulin classes of antisperm antibodies were identified using the Antispermatozoa Antibody ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) Ig-Classifying test. Statistical analysis using the one-way chi-square test revealed that males had a significantly lower incidence of IgA (27.8%, p < .01) and IgM (26.1%, p < .05) compared to females (72.2% and 73.9%, respectively). In contrast, no significant difference was observed in IgG between males and females (p = .251). These findings suggest that IgA is the most prevalent class of antisperm antibodies, with a higher incidence in females than males. Understanding the distribution of antisperm antibody classes can help inform targeted diagnostic approaches and fertility counseling. In resource-limited settings, prioritizing ELISA-based screening for specific immunoglobulin classes may enhance early detection and guide cost-effective treatment strategies.